Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition where the airways (bronchi) become damaged and enlarged, leading to a buildup of mucus. This can cause frequent infections, a persistent cough, and difficulty breathing. The damaged airways can become inflamed and scarred.
Several factors can contribute to bronchiectasis, including:
- Infections: Severe or recurrent lung infections, such as pneumonia or tuberculosis.
- Genetic conditions: Cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia can increase the risk.
- Autoimmune diseases: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or Sjögren’s syndrome.
- Immunodeficiency disorders: Conditions that impair the immune system’s ability to fight infections.